01 The alkali metals
The elements found in Group 1 of the periodic table are collectively known as the alkali metals. This group includes lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and franciu...
03 The halogens
The elements in Group 7 of the periodic table are collectively known as the halogens. These non-metals are highly reactive and exist as diatomic molecules, meaning each molecu...
05 The noble gases
The elements found in Group 0 of the periodic table are collectively known as the noble gases. These elements include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, all of wh...
08 Investigating rates
Chemical reactions occur at varying speeds, from instantaneous explosions to the slow rusting of iron. The rate of reaction quantifies how quickly reactants are consumed or pr...
09 Skills - Rates of reaction
The rate of reaction measures how quickly reactants are consumed or products are formed over time. Understanding reaction rates is crucial in chemistry for optimizing industri...
10 Heat energy changes
Most chemical reactions involve a change in heat energy, leading to observable temperature shifts in their surroundings. These changes are fundamental to understanding how che...
12 Calculating energy changes
Chemical reactions involve the breaking of existing bonds and the formation of new ones. This process is always accompanied by a change in energy, which can either be released...
15 Alkanes
Alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons, meaning they are organic compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. These molecules are characterized by having o...
16 Incomplete combustion
Welcome to this learning session on 16 Incomplete Combustion In this course we shall address:Combustion: Complete vs. IncompleteIncomplete Combustion: Products and HazardsKey...
17 Acid rain
Rainwater is naturally slightly acidic due to the dissolution of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, forming carbonic acid, which typically gives it a pH of around 5.6. Acid r...
18 Choosing fuels
Most modern vehicles rely on petrol or diesel oil for propulsion, which have been the dominant fuels for over a century. However, hydrogen is emerging as a promising alternati...
